Canto IV

by Dante

　　Between two viands, equally removed

　　   And tempting, a free man would die of hunger

　　   Ere either he could bring unto his teeth.

　　So would a lamb between the ravenings

　　   Of two fierce wolves stand fearing both alike;

　　   And so would stand a dog between two does.

　　Hence, if I held my peace, myself I blame not,

　　   Impelled in equal measure by my doubts,

　　   Since it must be so, nor do I commend.

　　I held my peace; but my desire was painted

　　   Upon my face, and questioning with that

　　   More fervent far than by articulate speech.

　　Beatrice did as Daniel had done

　　   Relieving Nebuchadnezzar from the wrath

　　   Which rendered him unjustly merciless,

　　And said: "Well see I how attracteth thee

　　   One and the other wish, so that thy care

　　   Binds itself so that forth it does not breathe.

　　Thou arguest, if good will be permanent,

　　   The violence of others, for what reason

　　   Doth it decrease the measure of my merit?

　　Again for doubting furnish thee occasion

　　   Souls seeming to return unto the stars,

　　   According to the sentiment of Plato.

　　These are the questions which upon thy wish

　　   Are thrusting equally; and therefore first

　　   Will I treat that which hath the most of gall.

　　He of the Seraphim most absorbed in God,

　　   Moses, and Samuel, and whichever John

　　   Thou mayst select, I say, and even Mary,

　　Have not in any other heaven their seats,

　　   Than have those spirits that just appeared to thee,

　　   Nor of existence more or fewer years;

　　But all make beautiful the primal circle,

　　   And have sweet life in different degrees,

　　   By feeling more or less the eternal breath.

　　They showed themselves here, not because allotted

　　   This sphere has been to them, but to give sign

　　   Of the celestial which is least exalted.

　　To speak thus is adapted to your mind,

　　   Since only through the sense it apprehendeth

　　   What then it worthy makes of intellect.

　　On this account the Scripture condescends

　　   Unto your faculties, and feet and hands

　　   To God attributes, and means something else;

　　And Holy Church under an aspect human

　　   Gabriel and Michael represent to you,

　　   And him who made Tobias whole again.

　　That which Timaeus argues of the soul

　　   Doth not resemble that which here is seen,

　　   Because it seems that as he speaks he thinks.

　　He says the soul unto its star returns,

　　   Believing it to have been severed thence

　　   Whenever nature gave it as a form.

　　Perhaps his doctrine is of other guise

　　   Than the words sound, and possibly may be

　　   With meaning that is not to be derided.

　　If he doth mean that to these wheels return

　　   The honour of their influence and the blame,

　　   Perhaps his bow doth hit upon some truth.

　　This principle ill understood once warped

　　   The whole world nearly, till it went astray

　　   Invoking Jove and Mercury and Mars.

　　The other doubt which doth disquiet thee

　　   Less venom has, for its malevolence

　　   Could never lead thee otherwhere from me.

　　That as unjust our justice should appear

　　   In eyes of mortals, is an argument

　　   Of faith, and not of sin heretical.

　　But still, that your perception may be able

　　   To thoroughly penetrate this verity,

　　   As thou desirest, I will satisfy thee.

　　If it be violence when he who suffers

　　   Co-operates not with him who uses force,

　　   These souls were not on that account excused;

　　For will is never quenched unless it will,

　　   But operates as nature doth in fire

　　   If violence a thousand times distort it.

　　Hence, if it yieldeth more or less, it seconds

　　   The force; and these have done so, having power

　　   Of turning back unto the holy place.

　　If their will had been perfect, like to that

　　   Which Lawrence fast upon his gridiron held,

　　   And Mutius made severe to his own hand,

　　It would have urged them back along the road

　　   Whence they were dragged, as soon as they were free;

　　   But such a solid will is all too rare.

　　And by these words, if thou hast gathered them

　　   As thou shouldst do, the argument is refuted

　　   That would have still annoyed thee many times.

　　But now another passage runs across

　　   Before thine eyes, and such that by thyself

　　   Thou couldst not thread it ere thou wouldst be weary.

　　I have for certain put into thy mind

　　   That soul beatified could never lie,

　　   For it is near the primal Truth,

　　And then thou from Piccarda might'st have heard

　　   Costanza kept affection for the veil,

　　   So that she seemeth here to contradict me.

　　Many times, brother, has it come to pass,

　　   That, to escape from peril, with reluctance

　　   That has been done it was not right to do,

　　E'en as Alcmaeon (who, being by his father

　　   Thereto entreated, his own mother slew)

　　   Not to lose pity pitiless became.

　　At this point I desire thee to remember

　　   That force with will commingles, and they cause

　　   That the offences cannot be excused.

　　Will absolute consenteth not to evil;

　　   But in so far consenteth as it fears,

　　   If it refrain, to fall into more harm.

　　Hence when Piccarda uses this expression,

　　   She meaneth the will absolute, and I

　　   The other, so that both of us speak truth."

　　Such was the flowing of the holy river

　　   That issued from the fount whence springs all truth;

　　   This put to rest my wishes one and all.

　　"O love of the first lover, O divine,"

　　   Said I forthwith, "whose speech inundates me

　　   And warms me so, it more and more revives me,

　　My own affection is not so profound

　　   As to suffice in rendering grace for grace;

　　   Let Him, who sees and can, thereto respond.

　　Well I perceive that never sated is

　　   Our intellect unless the Truth illume it,

　　   Beyond which nothing true expands itself.

　　It rests therein, as wild beast in his lair,

　　   When it attains it; and it can attain it;

　　   If not, then each desire would frustrate be.

　　Therefore springs up, in fashion of a shoot,

　　   Doubt at the foot of truth; and this is nature,

　　   Which to the top from height to height impels us.

　　This doth invite me, this assurance give me

　　   With reverence, Lady, to inquire of you

　　   Another truth, which is obscure to me.

　　I wish to know if man can satisfy you

　　   For broken vows with other good deeds, so

　　   That in your balance they will not be light."

　　Beatrice gazed upon me with her eyes

　　   Full of the sparks of love, and so divine,

　　   That, overcome my power, I turned my back

　　And almost lost myself with eyes downcast.