II. WAGING WAR

by Sun Tzu

　　1. Sun Tzu said: In the operations of war,where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots,as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousandmail-clad soldiers, with provisions enough to carry thema thousand li, the expenditure at home and at the front,including entertainment of guests, small items such asglue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armor,will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day.Such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men. 2. When you engage in actual fighting, if victoryis long in coming, then men's weapons will grow dull andtheir ardor will be damped. If you lay siege to a town,you will exhaust your strength.3. Again, if the campaign is protracted, the resourcesof the State will not be equal to the strain. 4. Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped,your strength exhausted and your treasure spent,other chieftains will spring up to take advantageof your extremity. Then no man, however wise,will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue. 5. Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war,cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays. 6. There is no instance of a country having benefitedfrom prolonged warfare. 7. It is only one who is thoroughly acquaintedwith the evils of war that can thoroughly understandthe profitable way of carrying it on. 8. The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy,neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice. 9. Bring war material with you from home, but forageon the enemy. Thus the army will have food enoughfor its needs. 10. Poverty of the State exchequer causes an armyto be maintained by contributions from a distance.Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causesthe people to be impoverished. 11. On the other hand, the proximity of an army causesprices to go up; and high prices cause the people'ssubstance to be drained away. 12. When their substance is drained away, the peasantrywill be afflicted by heavy exactions. 13,14. With this loss of substance and exhaustionof strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare,and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated;while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses,breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields,protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons,will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue. 15. Hence a wise general makes a point of foragingon the enemy. One cartload of the enemy's provisionsis equivalent to twenty of one's own, and likewisea single picul of his provender is equivalent to twentyfrom one's own store. 16. Now in order to kill the enemy, our men mustbe roused to anger; that there may be advantage fromdefeating the enemy, they must have their rewards. 17. Therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariotshave been taken, those should be rewarded who took the first.Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy,and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours.The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept. 18. This is called, using the conquered foe to augmentone's own strength. 19. In war, then, let your great object be victory,not lengthy campaigns. 20. Thus it may be known that the leader of armiesis the arbiter of the people's fate, the man on whom itdepends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.